Conroy, Jane McMaster. “What Chemicals Make a Sharpie Permanent?” eHow, Leaf Group Ltd., 2017, www.ehow.com/info_10055820_chemicals-make-sharpie-permanent.html. Accessed 3 Feb. 2017.
Summarize: This source is talking about the chemical ingredients in Sharpie ink. In order to be classified as a permanent maker it has to have water insoluble ink. It also talks about all the other inks that contain chemicals in the Sharpie ink including permachrome.
Evaluate: This source is useful and compares well with the other sources in my bibliography. It does pass the claim tester and is reliable with credible sources. It is biased and the goal of this source is to tell us about the chemicals and ingredients in Sharpies.
Reflect: This source was helpful for me to answer question 2, dealing with human impacts. This relates to threshold 3, because it deals with chemicals that were created in stars, and fits also into a chemistry discipline. This helps shapes my argument to complete my evidence for my claim on the origins for Sharpies.
FLEX Wordpress, editor. “History of Sharpies.” The Spectator, FLEX Wordpress, 15 Oct. 2007, www.spectatornews.com/showcase/2007/10/15/history-of-sharpies/. Accessed 5 Dec. 2016.
Summarize: Sharpies are a multi-purposeful tool used in every household. Article touches on the origin of the marker and how well it sells. Students from the college where the article was written added details about the issues people can get from the chemicals in the marker.
Evaluate: The source is useful, but mainly uses information given from the Sharpie website. This source is reliable, it uses all information that is accurate and useful. This source is a good overview of the purpose for the marker and the history of Sharpies.
Reflect: The article helps answer research question number 2. Since Sharpies have only been around for less than 100 years the only threshold it can relate to is the Modern Revolution. Once we start to research the chemicals in our topics, Sharpies will relate to the older thresholds because that’s where all chemicals originated.
Goodman, Timothy. Sharpie® Art Workshop: Techniques & Ideas for Transforming Your World. E-book, Beverly, Rockport Publishers, 2015.
Summarize: This book tells about the authors story behind his love for Sharpies and how he uses them. Timothy Goodman shares how he uses them, and all the different styles of Sharpies along with all colors. He goes on to describe and show how different artists use Sharpies for their work.
Evaluate: This source is helpful and compares well with the other sources. It passes my claim testers and is reliable and biased-ish due to the authors live for Sharpies. The goal of this source is to inform the readers all the ways to use Sharpies.
Reflect: This source was helpful and helps answers question 2, human impacts. This helps understand The Modern Revolution because all of the events of this book happen in the modern revolution, and relates to the discipline of art. This helps shape my argument for my 3rd claim about how humans have used Sharpies for various reasons.
Helmenstine, Anne Marie, PhD. “Are Sharpie Tattoos Safe?” About Education, About Inc., 3 Oct. 2016, chemistry.about.com/b/2013/01/10/are-sharpie-tattoos-safe.htm. Accessed 1 Feb. 2017.
Summarize: Sharpies have been testes by the ACMI for a toxicology test, which just includes ingestion and inhalation. What the test does not cover is chemicals were to enter the bloodstream through absorption or broken skin. The Sharpie website strongly suggests not to use them for eyeliner, body art, or filling tattoos. Regular sharpies contain n-propanol, n-butanol, and diacetone acid, which are all generally safe, but xylene, found in the King Size Sharpie, Magnum Sharpie, and Touch-Up Sharpie can cause nervous system and organ damage if it enters blood stream.
Evaluate: This source is useful, it compares well with my other sources, maybe even better since it contains scientific facts. This fits my claim on how sharpies impact human health and is reliable. This is not biased.
Reflect: This source was helpful to answer my claim about how Sharpies impact human health. This would fall under the Modern revolution because it deals with humans and Sharpies, which have been created very recently compared to the scale of Big History.
Kandyala, Reena, et al. “Xylene: An overview of its health hazards and preventive measures.” PMC, PubMed Central, June 2010, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996004/. Accessed 8 Mar. 2017.
Summarize: This source covers all the health effects of xylene, a chemical found in Sharpies. It talks about what happens if you inhale. ingest, or aspire it. It also covers skin and eye contact. Some of the health effects include nausea, vomiting, and headaches. It is a colorless chemical but has a very distinct smell.
Evaluate: This source compares well with all my other sources and is credible. It does pass all the claim testers and is not biased, but objective because the author is telling us medical facts.
Reflect: This source was helpful to answer question number two. It helps me understand the Modern Revolution, because all the knowledge in this article had to be found with the Modern Revolution, and the medical discipline. This will help me answer my claim about the effects on human health because of Sharpies.
Lee, Crystal. “What Are the Dangers of Sharpie Markers?” eHow, Leaf Group Ltd., 2017, www.ehow.com/list_7411423_dangers-sharpie-markers_.html. Accessed 2 Feb. 2017.
Summarize: This articles talks about the dangers of using Sharpies as an inhalant. An inhalant is characterized as breathable chemical vapors used for an intentional use. Continuing to inhale Sharpies could lead to going unconsciousness, Sharpies are just used as a getaway drug, which it usually what gets people into drugs, and leads them to the more dangerous kinds. Effects of this can lead to neurological damage or death. Physicals signs include spots around the mouth and red eyes.
Evaluate: This source is reliable, and relates well to the other sources in my bibliography well, and gets its information from the National Institute of Drug Abuse. This source helps me answer claim two, how sharpies affect human health and is objective because it is stating facts about the inhalant. The goal of this is to inform readers about using Sharpies as an inhalant.
Reflect: This source was helpful to answer question 2, human impacts, and my claim about affects on human health. This helps me understand threshold 3, because I see how the chemicals that were created in stars have effects on humans billions of years later. This article could fall under the discipline of medicine, because with medicine you could figure out how to cure the effects of inhaling Sharpies. This shapes my argument by finding another source dealing with how Sharpies affect health of humans.
Newell Rubermaid. “Material Safety Data Sheet.” Newell Rubermaid, p. 1. MSDS Digital, msdsdigital.com/sharpie-markers-msds. Accessed 7 Dec. 2016.
Summarize: This source is a safety sheet regarding any safety issues dealing with the Sharpie. It covers topics such as: fire precautions, first aid, handling, storage, and chemical composition.
Evaluate: This source is useful, it has the information I need to find the chemical elements in the ink. The source is very reliable, as it is an official document for the safety of the consumers on the product. This source is not biased at all, and the goal of it is to inform the public how to keep safe, which is a serious matter.
Reflect: This document answers question number one, the origins of my topic. This falls under the threshold Stars Light Up and New Chemical Elements. It helps understand the discipline in chemistry, because it talks about all the chemicals in the marker.
Oliver, Katie. “The Chemistry of Sharpies.” Chemistry Is Life, 2016, www.chemistryislife.com/site/thechemistryofblank/the-chemistry-of-sharpies. Accessed 6 Dec. 2016.
Summarize: This article focuses on the chemicals involved in Sharpie markers. The author talks about the 3 main components in the ink and gives examples of each. In the introduction and conclusion the basic history is explained and also some fun facts.
Evaluate: This source was useful to begin my research regarding the chemical part of my project. This source is as reliable as my other, both are written by students that have reliable sources and good writing skills. This source is objective, not stating any opinions of the author.
Reflect: The article answers question one, chemical origins. This helps me better understand thresholds 2 and 3 and how the stars chemicals are playing a role down on Earth with almost everything humans interact with. This article make me think of how more complex things we use in our everyday life that we take for granite.
Pahala, Kate. “30 DIY Sharpie Projects That You Have to Try.” Brit + Co, 23 Nov. 2013, www.brit.co/diy-sharpie-roundup/. Accessed 8 Dec. 2016.
Summarize: This blog goes over some of the more creative uses that people have found to use Sharpies for. Some of the ideas are: wall art, stationary, and jewelry. The post shows how useful Sharpies can be to humans than just a writing utensil, but something that you can use to make everyday objects more fun to use.
Evaluate: This source is useful, it helps me understand how other people use Sharpies. It compares to my other sources and is reliable with pictures of evidence for each new idea. This is a some-what biased but not in a negative way, it is just showing one persons view on how to use the markers. The goal of this is to help find new ways that Sharpies have impacted humans.
Reflect: This source is useful, it answers question 1, how the have impacted humans. This article would go under the threshold Modern Revolution. Disciplines the source would cover would be crafts and hobbies because it goes over different do it yourself projects to do with sharpies, and also technology because the author of it if using a web based blog to share her findings.
Summarize: This source is talking about the chemical ingredients in Sharpie ink. In order to be classified as a permanent maker it has to have water insoluble ink. It also talks about all the other inks that contain chemicals in the Sharpie ink including permachrome.
Evaluate: This source is useful and compares well with the other sources in my bibliography. It does pass the claim tester and is reliable with credible sources. It is biased and the goal of this source is to tell us about the chemicals and ingredients in Sharpies.
Reflect: This source was helpful for me to answer question 2, dealing with human impacts. This relates to threshold 3, because it deals with chemicals that were created in stars, and fits also into a chemistry discipline. This helps shapes my argument to complete my evidence for my claim on the origins for Sharpies.
FLEX Wordpress, editor. “History of Sharpies.” The Spectator, FLEX Wordpress, 15 Oct. 2007, www.spectatornews.com/showcase/2007/10/15/history-of-sharpies/. Accessed 5 Dec. 2016.
Summarize: Sharpies are a multi-purposeful tool used in every household. Article touches on the origin of the marker and how well it sells. Students from the college where the article was written added details about the issues people can get from the chemicals in the marker.
Evaluate: The source is useful, but mainly uses information given from the Sharpie website. This source is reliable, it uses all information that is accurate and useful. This source is a good overview of the purpose for the marker and the history of Sharpies.
Reflect: The article helps answer research question number 2. Since Sharpies have only been around for less than 100 years the only threshold it can relate to is the Modern Revolution. Once we start to research the chemicals in our topics, Sharpies will relate to the older thresholds because that’s where all chemicals originated.
Goodman, Timothy. Sharpie® Art Workshop: Techniques & Ideas for Transforming Your World. E-book, Beverly, Rockport Publishers, 2015.
Summarize: This book tells about the authors story behind his love for Sharpies and how he uses them. Timothy Goodman shares how he uses them, and all the different styles of Sharpies along with all colors. He goes on to describe and show how different artists use Sharpies for their work.
Evaluate: This source is helpful and compares well with the other sources. It passes my claim testers and is reliable and biased-ish due to the authors live for Sharpies. The goal of this source is to inform the readers all the ways to use Sharpies.
Reflect: This source was helpful and helps answers question 2, human impacts. This helps understand The Modern Revolution because all of the events of this book happen in the modern revolution, and relates to the discipline of art. This helps shape my argument for my 3rd claim about how humans have used Sharpies for various reasons.
Helmenstine, Anne Marie, PhD. “Are Sharpie Tattoos Safe?” About Education, About Inc., 3 Oct. 2016, chemistry.about.com/b/2013/01/10/are-sharpie-tattoos-safe.htm. Accessed 1 Feb. 2017.
Summarize: Sharpies have been testes by the ACMI for a toxicology test, which just includes ingestion and inhalation. What the test does not cover is chemicals were to enter the bloodstream through absorption or broken skin. The Sharpie website strongly suggests not to use them for eyeliner, body art, or filling tattoos. Regular sharpies contain n-propanol, n-butanol, and diacetone acid, which are all generally safe, but xylene, found in the King Size Sharpie, Magnum Sharpie, and Touch-Up Sharpie can cause nervous system and organ damage if it enters blood stream.
Evaluate: This source is useful, it compares well with my other sources, maybe even better since it contains scientific facts. This fits my claim on how sharpies impact human health and is reliable. This is not biased.
Reflect: This source was helpful to answer my claim about how Sharpies impact human health. This would fall under the Modern revolution because it deals with humans and Sharpies, which have been created very recently compared to the scale of Big History.
Kandyala, Reena, et al. “Xylene: An overview of its health hazards and preventive measures.” PMC, PubMed Central, June 2010, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996004/. Accessed 8 Mar. 2017.
Summarize: This source covers all the health effects of xylene, a chemical found in Sharpies. It talks about what happens if you inhale. ingest, or aspire it. It also covers skin and eye contact. Some of the health effects include nausea, vomiting, and headaches. It is a colorless chemical but has a very distinct smell.
Evaluate: This source compares well with all my other sources and is credible. It does pass all the claim testers and is not biased, but objective because the author is telling us medical facts.
Reflect: This source was helpful to answer question number two. It helps me understand the Modern Revolution, because all the knowledge in this article had to be found with the Modern Revolution, and the medical discipline. This will help me answer my claim about the effects on human health because of Sharpies.
Lee, Crystal. “What Are the Dangers of Sharpie Markers?” eHow, Leaf Group Ltd., 2017, www.ehow.com/list_7411423_dangers-sharpie-markers_.html. Accessed 2 Feb. 2017.
Summarize: This articles talks about the dangers of using Sharpies as an inhalant. An inhalant is characterized as breathable chemical vapors used for an intentional use. Continuing to inhale Sharpies could lead to going unconsciousness, Sharpies are just used as a getaway drug, which it usually what gets people into drugs, and leads them to the more dangerous kinds. Effects of this can lead to neurological damage or death. Physicals signs include spots around the mouth and red eyes.
Evaluate: This source is reliable, and relates well to the other sources in my bibliography well, and gets its information from the National Institute of Drug Abuse. This source helps me answer claim two, how sharpies affect human health and is objective because it is stating facts about the inhalant. The goal of this is to inform readers about using Sharpies as an inhalant.
Reflect: This source was helpful to answer question 2, human impacts, and my claim about affects on human health. This helps me understand threshold 3, because I see how the chemicals that were created in stars have effects on humans billions of years later. This article could fall under the discipline of medicine, because with medicine you could figure out how to cure the effects of inhaling Sharpies. This shapes my argument by finding another source dealing with how Sharpies affect health of humans.
Newell Rubermaid. “Material Safety Data Sheet.” Newell Rubermaid, p. 1. MSDS Digital, msdsdigital.com/sharpie-markers-msds. Accessed 7 Dec. 2016.
Summarize: This source is a safety sheet regarding any safety issues dealing with the Sharpie. It covers topics such as: fire precautions, first aid, handling, storage, and chemical composition.
Evaluate: This source is useful, it has the information I need to find the chemical elements in the ink. The source is very reliable, as it is an official document for the safety of the consumers on the product. This source is not biased at all, and the goal of it is to inform the public how to keep safe, which is a serious matter.
Reflect: This document answers question number one, the origins of my topic. This falls under the threshold Stars Light Up and New Chemical Elements. It helps understand the discipline in chemistry, because it talks about all the chemicals in the marker.
Oliver, Katie. “The Chemistry of Sharpies.” Chemistry Is Life, 2016, www.chemistryislife.com/site/thechemistryofblank/the-chemistry-of-sharpies. Accessed 6 Dec. 2016.
Summarize: This article focuses on the chemicals involved in Sharpie markers. The author talks about the 3 main components in the ink and gives examples of each. In the introduction and conclusion the basic history is explained and also some fun facts.
Evaluate: This source was useful to begin my research regarding the chemical part of my project. This source is as reliable as my other, both are written by students that have reliable sources and good writing skills. This source is objective, not stating any opinions of the author.
Reflect: The article answers question one, chemical origins. This helps me better understand thresholds 2 and 3 and how the stars chemicals are playing a role down on Earth with almost everything humans interact with. This article make me think of how more complex things we use in our everyday life that we take for granite.
Pahala, Kate. “30 DIY Sharpie Projects That You Have to Try.” Brit + Co, 23 Nov. 2013, www.brit.co/diy-sharpie-roundup/. Accessed 8 Dec. 2016.
Summarize: This blog goes over some of the more creative uses that people have found to use Sharpies for. Some of the ideas are: wall art, stationary, and jewelry. The post shows how useful Sharpies can be to humans than just a writing utensil, but something that you can use to make everyday objects more fun to use.
Evaluate: This source is useful, it helps me understand how other people use Sharpies. It compares to my other sources and is reliable with pictures of evidence for each new idea. This is a some-what biased but not in a negative way, it is just showing one persons view on how to use the markers. The goal of this is to help find new ways that Sharpies have impacted humans.
Reflect: This source is useful, it answers question 1, how the have impacted humans. This article would go under the threshold Modern Revolution. Disciplines the source would cover would be crafts and hobbies because it goes over different do it yourself projects to do with sharpies, and also technology because the author of it if using a web based blog to share her findings.